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To azzahmamag/mm l i e ST AENT OFFICE i c ...noUIsABoLLMAN oFNEwYoRK, Nur.

` e`coitnuivsiifa` FOR STEAMENGINESL speeieation"fpffneffers ratentuo. 12,619, dated April 3,1135'5` "thecity, countyg andState of New York,

` `have invented certain new and" us'eful Improvements `in "Condensers for Steam-En# ggines; and I do hereby declarethat the fol- `lowing is a full, clear, and exact description `offthe"`s'ame, "referenceu being had to the accompanying drawings; forming part of `this specification, in `which;` v i e Figure 1, 1s a yertical central section, of a condenser having "mylimprovementsL J Fig.

\ 2,1is al vertical sectionatright angles lto Fig.

` `l,`in-the line m. "Fi`g,"`f3,is a "Vertical sec- ""tionkat Lright 1 anglesto" Fig. 1, inthe line y, Fig. il, is ayertifcal section threugh` the centerof the injection tubes `and Valve.

Similar` letters ofyreference indicate corresponding parts in the `several `iigures.`

` "This invention relates to4 that description of condensers in mostf common use, generally `known f contradistinction to the surface condensenfias thewetlcondenser. H j. Therst part of" invention conslsts in certainmethod of regulating the injection e ofjfcold water into the condenser the .state of the "vacuum, whereby, without injecting a `much greater quantity ofwater than is necessarytocondense ,the steam I am enabledto j produce ja vacuum'yeryquickly so as to obtain its fulleffect,` as nearly as possible dur- "ing the entirestrokeof ,the` pistonl of the Y The second `part of "my invention consists inheating ,to a much higher temperature condenser, a i sufficient1 1"quantity" of vvaterl to feed the boiler, `by prcpermeansof inject- `ing the said fojuantity"` of water at the commencernent of the eduction "of the steam, into theeductionpassage or cylinder, and withj `drawingit quickly therefrom. into a suitable .Qreceiver,L which, after receiving it, `and bei `fore` the pressure in the condenser is much `reduced,is `shut offf from* the condenser to preventthe loss "of Vthe'heatof the water by To enable others slrilledein the arttomake anduse my inyentionIgwill:proceedto de` ,scribe its construction andoperation.` y

; A, is the body "of the condenser, anduB,"C,

` is theeductionpassageiroml the cylinder.

1"E," isa small piston littingair tight into a small open `cylinder :\D,`1*so1 arranged below the eduction passagethatrthe top ofthe pisf V 111" ton, `is eXpesedtoll the",l pressure of steam in l thefcondenser, and the bottom to the pres-4 sure of the atmosphere.` F, is the injection pipe leading to a Valve chamber G, outside the condenser. This Valve chamber contains a disk-Valve I toopen and close the entrances e, e, (see Figli) tothe two perforated injection tubes H, H, which extend the Wholeqlength of the condenser. IIhe Valve I, is attached securely toa spindle J, which runs through the condenser and Valve boX,

and hasjournals fitting tosuitable bearings therein, and which carries a forkedjarm K,

Vwhich embraces the rod a, of lthe piston E,

between two stops-Wc, 0. The forked arm K, has a spring 5, applied to it in such a way as `to draw it downward.

. The piston E, and the valve I, serve to regulatethe injection of water into the condenser by the state of the vacuum and when the engine is in operation they act in the following manner: I7 will'suppose the educ- L.. z

spring b: so as to be in such a position asto holdthe Valve I, stationary in position to colse the entrances e, e, to the injection tubes H,I-I.` This position of the piston will be somewhat higher than that shown in red mencesland the steam beginsto enter the outlinezin' Fig. 2. When the eduction comcondense'ni the vacuum will be destroyed,

and the latmospheric pressure will be insutiitis arrested by the lower stop c, on the'piston rod coming in contact with the guide d.

95 cient to holdup the piston E, which will be Y forced downward by the action of the spring1 Z), `until it reaches the position shown in black outline in Fig. 2, in which position e In". this position of the piston the valve I, f

opens the water'passages e, e, fully `to in` ject "thewwater into the condenser;` In'` a short time the pressure in the condenser willbe reduced, and the atmospheric pres-l surewill gradually@ force up thepiston" again till it'closes` the water passages efe, and

` brings ithe apparatus into the same conditicn `i'nfwhichlit was first described.

`tion I btain the following advantages over 1 the condenser.

the system of injecting in a continuous stream as commonly practiced. lst: Less injection water will be required. 2nd; A smaller air pump and condenser may be used. 3rd: The vacuum will be produced earlier in the stroke. 4th: The engineer will be relieved of all care of the injection cock. 5th: However the speed, action or condition of the engine may vary, the injection will be always accurately regulated in accordance therewith. In explanation of these advantages I will offer a few remarks. In common condensers, the continuous stream of water which is injected increases in velocity when it is least required, viz, toward the end of the stroke of the engine when the vacuum arrives nearer to a state of perfection; but I only inject when it is required, and am enabled to inject a much greater quantity at the commencement of education to effect condensation more quickly and still use much less water; thus I gain power by obtaining the vacuum earlier in the stroke of lthe engine and save power by having less water to pump from It is obvious that as the area of the opening of the injection passages e, e, is proportionate in or nearly in the direct ratio to the pressure in the condenser or in the inverse ratio 'to the vacuum the injech tion must be properly regulated under all circumstances without any attention from the engineer.

The stoppage of the injection when the air pump is disabled or the diminution in its quantity when the pump works imperfectly is effected by means of a disk valve L, (see Fig. 4) working between the valve I, and the back of the valve chamber which contains the passages e, e. This valve turns loosely on the spindle J, so as to be independent of the valve I; and it carries an arm M, to which is attached a float N, which will fall to the bottom of the condenser when there is no considerable quantity of water in the latter, but rise with any accumulation of water in the condenser and cause the valve L, to partly or entirely close the injection passages e, c. It oft-en happens that some particles of matter coming between the valves of the air pump and their seats will prevent the proper action of the air pump and destroy the vacuum in the condenser. In that case the. valve I, before described would not be closed by the pressure of the atmosphere on the piston and too much water might enter the condenser and cause disarrangement of the engine and danger of breaking the cylinder of the engine by water flowing into it. This will be effectually obviated by employing the valve L, controlled by a float in the condenser.

The heating of the feed water and withdrawing it from contact with the steam in the condenser'will now be described.

P, is a small injection pipe entering the eduction pipe B; Q, is a small, receiver below the eduction passage C, which leads into the condenser, and S, is a pipe for supplying the feed or hot water pump from the receiver. The receiver, communicates with the passage C, through a cylindrical opening R, which is directly above the cylinder D, so that the piston E, may fit and work within it. It has been before stated that at the time the eduction commences the piston E, is down. In that position of the piston there is afree communication between the receiver Q, and the exhaust passage, as the piston does not reach the opening R. The feed water, the necessary quantity of which is only estimated at about one twenty eighth part (7gg) of the quantity necessary .to effect condensation, is to be injected in finely divided streams from the pipe P at the commencement of eduction `by opening a valve or cock of some description and clos ing it as soon as sufficient has been injected. 'Ihe valve or cock for this purpose I have not thought necessary to represent, as it may be of any description capable of opening and closing a pipe. Suiiice it to say, that the opening and closing must be effected by the engine itself, by gearing from the Shaft or otherwise, and that this injection must be effected during a very small portion traL of the stroke. When the head pressure of Y this injection water is not suflicient to force it into the escaping steam, a force pump must be employed to drive it through the pipe.

At the time of the termination of the injection of the feed Water the temperature in the condenser will have been reduced only a few degrees; as the water is heated mostly by the latent heat, which is about five siXths of the entire heat of the steam, it may be heated to nearly the same temperature as the escaping steam. The particles of water passing along with the steam will rush through passage R, into the receiver Q., and to :facilitate this, the lower end f, of the eduction pipe is contracted, and the mouth g, of the opening R, expanded, into funnel shape, so that the former nearly enters the latter. In order to expose a large surface to collect the minute particles of water, the receiver may contain a great number of wires. The passage R, only remains open as long as there is a considerable pressure in the condenser and eduction passage, as it is closed when the pressure has been reduced to a certain degree, by the piston E, entering the passage R, as shown in red outline in Fig. 2, in its before described operation to regulate the supply of injection water to the condenser, some time before the vacuum is produced. This shutting off the receiver from the condenser prevents the exposure of j the heated water to the vacuum, in which it "i could not exist above a certain temperature Without belng` againV converted into steam.

The feed Water might be injected directly `into the cylinderyoreven into the receiver i Q. `Its injection should in all cases cease at i j ,or before the time of Closing the passage R.

Water for this purposemay be taken from the hot vvell ofthe air pump which will have avtemperature of about 1009, previous toits injection.` The quantity of Water thus injected may be greaterthan is required for the boiler in order to supply a certain `quanl tity for any purpose requiring it of a higher temperature than it leaves the condenser throughthe air pump@ :It is not necessary that theshutt-ing off"thef receiver Q, from i the condenser, should beijefectedby the e. piston E; but I have shovvfnthatjmethod of `effecting it, as being veryfsimple `vvhen the `piston is `employed forthe purpose herein i `first specified. The same resultmay be ef- `fected by a slide valve operated by proper gearing from the engineshaft orother part of theengine to openand close the passage at the proper time as described.

The advantage resulting from this method of heating the Water to"` supply the boiler Will be a considerable saving of fuel. The

" Water may be thus heated to a temperature ofabout 200o or 100 hotter than the Water i supplied from other `condensers, the entire quantity of heat to be supplied by the` fuel In addition .to the so that in practicelthe feed Water required 1s found to be double the quantity theoretically shovvnto besufiicient in a perfect apparatus.

In common condensers the heat of this Water `is lost, but in mycondenser thisl Water will pass into the receiver Q, and be carried back to the boiler nearly at the same temperature as it left. In the same manner the Water condensed from the steam by contactl With the surfaces in its passage from the boiler to the cylinder is saved.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv

1. The Within described method of concondenser by connecting the injection vcock or valve With a piston E, or its equivalent, which is exposed on one side to the pressure ofthe atmosphere and on the other to the pressure Within the condenser, andis acted uponJ substantially as herein set forth by variationsin the pressure in the condenser so as to increase or diminish the inj ection as to stop the injection when the` desired` vacuum is obtained.

2. The employment substantially as herein described for the purpose of heating a` suiiicient quantity of VWater, to supply the boiler, to a` higher temperature than the `vvater delivered by the air pump, of an additional injection pipe.l P, to inject the said quantity of Water at the commencement of trolling the injection of coldvvater into the the said pressure diminishes or increases and eduction into the eduction pipe or passage,

the cylinder or any 'convenient place near the entrance to the condenser, combined With areceiver Q, which is arranged in any Way substantially as `described and furnished With any suitable means substantially as dei scribed of opening it at the commencement of eduction and injection, to receive the said Water, and of shutting it off from the condenser before theV temperature of the latter is too much reduced.

LOUIS BOLLMAN.

Witnesses:

A. D. MUNN, j S. H. WALES. 

